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Weekly Economic Updates

  • Forecasting is Too Hard, Especially in the Short Term

    One of the biggest advantages of value investing is that it essentially takes away the need to make predictions about what will happen in the future. When pricing assets, value investors determine value based on data from the present. On… Read More

  • First Quarter GDP Grew 0.2% – Should Investors Care?

    Last Wednesday, we learned that the U.S. economy grew at a relatively anemic 0.2% annualized rate in the first quarter. This was a sharp decline from the prior quarter when gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 2.2%. It was the… Read More

  • Meandering Market Reaches New High

    After closing at a record high more than 50 times in 2014, the S&P 500 Index has closed at a new high only six times so far in 2015 – this past Friday was the sixth. In fact, in 2015,… Read More

  • Staying away from Wall Street’s Obsessions

    For at least several decades, Wall Street has been obsessed with the actions of the Federal Reserve. Market followers with shorter memories are at least aware of the Fed’s extraordinarily accommodative monetary policy in the six years since the 2008/2009… Read More

  • The Perils of Short-Term Thinking

    Those investors who take a buy-and-hold (or more appropriately buy-and-watch rather than buy-and-forget) approach to investing should be more interested in a company’s long-range outlook and be less concerned about its near-term performance. In order for companies to deliver the… Read More

  • Retail Spending: The Economy’s Missing Link?

    Gasoline prices have fallen considerably from their year-ago levels. Against this backdrop, consumer spending continues to disappoint. It seems households are choosing to save the amounts they are saving at the pump instead of spending it on goods and services…. Read More

  • Corporate Cash Balances Continue to Rise

    According to FactSet Research, at January’s end, cash and short-term investments held on the balance sheets of companies in the S&P 500 (ex-Financials) settled at a record-high balance of $1.43 trillion (blue bars in chart). The prior record, which was… Read More

  • Fed Statement About More Than Patience

    On Wednesday, Fed policy makers dropped the word “patient” from their official statement on monetary policy. For months, many members of the financial media have been fixated on when the word “patient” would be removed from the Fed’s statement. On… Read More

  • Share Repurchase Activity Remains Elevated

    Despite the market’s uneven performance so far this year, corporations continue to aggressively repurchase stock. According to preliminary data from S&P Dow Jones Indexes, in 2014 U.S. multinationals spent $553 billion on buybacks and another $350 billion on dividends. This… Read More

  • Corporate Report Card: Reviewing a 10-K

    By early March, most public companies have to file their 10-Ks. (For those who are unfamiliar with the term, a 10-K is an annual report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that gives a comprehensive summary of a company’s… Read More

  • Tune Out the Noise and Embrace Volatility

    Over the last six months, equity markets have become more volatile. The VIX, which is the Chicago Board Options Exchange’s widely followed measure of volatility on the S&P 500, spiked several times in January.  As shown in the below chart… Read More

  • A Look at the Connected Car

    A connected car is equipped with internet connections and software. This connectivity allows people to stream music, look up movie times, be alerted to traffic and weather conditions and power driving-assistance services such as self-parking. It can also provide automatic… Read More

  • Are Corporate Boards Effective?

    At its core, the purpose of a company’s board is to provide strong oversight and strategic support for management’s efforts to create long-term value. The board’s effectiveness in this role is a crucial part of a firm’s long-term success. Unfortunately,… Read More

  • Activists: Good or Bad?

    In 2014, the number of firms targeted by activists reached a record high. According to a study co-produced by the research firm Activist Insight and law firm Schulte Roth & Zabel, activists, mostly hedge funds, targeted 344 companies last year,… Read More

  • First Rate Hike Is Not Imminent

    Last Wednesday’s statement by the Federal Reserve did not include any changes to monetary policy. In fact, there was little in the Fed’s statement that surprised investors. The Fed maintained its language that it “can be patient in beginning to… Read More

  • Quantitative Easing Comes to Europe

    Last Thursday, the European Central Bank (ECB) finally launched its bid to revitalize the eurozone’s economy and counter the threat of deflation with a €60 billion-a-month bond-buying program that was far bigger than investors anticipated. ECB president Mario Draghi said… Read More

  • Long-Term Investing Still Works

    From time to time, there are headlines saying long-term investing is “dead.” The evidence from major stock exchanges highlights that the thinking of investors has become more short term over time, at least based on the average holding period of… Read More

  • Market Volatility and Time in the Market

    As discussed last week, we believe greater uncertainty about interest rates will cause market volatility to increase. While greater market fluctuation can be unsettling at times, it is important to remember that sell-offs do happen. Sometimes they can be quite… Read More

  • Looking Forward to 2015

    As we enter the start of another year, it is relatively easy to come across 2015 market forecasts when perusing the financial news. Recently, we expressed our disdain for sales forecasts for the holiday season. In general, we are skeptical… Read More

  • Fed Drops “Considerable Time” Reference

    In its December policy statement released this past Wednesday, the Fed changed the wording about when it might start to raise interest rates. It dropped the “considerable time” reference and substituted wording that it could be “patient in the beginning… Read More

  • The Fallacy of Holiday Sales Forecasts

    It seems hard to believe, but the traditional holiday season is already more than half over. As always, there have been numerous forecasts about how retailers will fair during the holiday season. The most commonly cited estimate is put forth… Read More

  • What Happened to Oil Prices?

    Long-time followers of the oil markets, who are honest with themselves, should readily admit how hard it is to forecast oil prices. Many unpredictable factors can impact oil prices (e.g., geopolitics, foreign currency risk – oil is only priced in… Read More

  • When Share Prices Fall…

    For those that invest with a value-based perspective, seeing the share price of a potential investment fall is typically thought of as an opportunity. This view aligns with the concept of mean reversion, which in investing, basically says that periods… Read More

  • Remember Tupperware?

    A recent search for a stock paying a solid dividend that could be added to client portfolios led us to take Tupperware Brands Corporation (TUP) through our investment process. As depicted below, the shares have underperformed over the past year…. Read More

  • The Changing World of Retail Banking

    A meaningful shift in the retail banking industry is underway. It is being driven by millennials (individuals reaching young adulthood around the year 2000) and mobile-savvy consumers. These individuals are shunning retail branches. The amount of banking activity that is… Read More

  • Capital Allocation and Empire Building

    In our view, allocating capital is one of management’s most important responsibilities. There are several ways management can allocate the capital a company generates, including mergers and acquisitions (M&A), capital expenditures (money allocated by a business or organization for the… Read More

  • The End of Quantitative Easing

    On Wednesday, the Fed ended the third round of Quantitative Easing (QE3). At its inception in September 2012, many were critical of the policy, fearing it would lead to higher inflation and a weaker dollar. As can be seen from… Read More

  • Surveying the Labor Market

    For the week ended October 18, initial claims for unemployment benefits increased by 17,000 to a seasonally adjusted 283,000. The four-week average for initial claims, which smooths out week-to-week volatility, fell 3,000 to 281,000, its lowest level since May 2000…. Read More

  • The Oil Price Slide

    A review of the S&P 500 Index’s returns by sector over the last one, three, six, and 12 months, as well as year-to-date, shows that energy has easily been the worst performer over all periods. In fact, while the energy… Read More

  • Mid-Week Market Update

    We noted in a recent Weekly Economic Update that we expected market volatility to increase. It has certainly done so. Some of the primary factors we believe are behind the increased volatility are growing uncertainty about US monetary policy, somewhat… Read More

  • Building Infrastructure in the Developing World

    Technology in the world around us is changing incrementally every day. These changes are much more noticeable when you look over long periods. In some ways, developing nations (for example, China, Brazil) have a significant opportunity relative to the developed… Read More

  • Thoughts on Recent Market Activity

    Even after delivering strong gains on Friday, the S&P 500 Index and the Dow Jones Industrial Average are both down roughly 2% from their recent record highs. In general terms, a 2% market decline is somewhat commonplace, meaning it is… Read More

  • Concerns in Europe can Lead to Opportunity

    Diversified investment portfolios should include an allocation to international assets. The goal is to improve the portfolio’s long-term, “risk-adjusted” returns, or, put more simply, to avoid putting all your eggs in one basket. However, economic and market cycles can and… Read More

  • Market Changes Beneath the Surface

    Last week, the S&P 500 Index reached yet another all-time high. The S&P 500 has moved about 9% higher year-to-date and is up roughly 17% over the last 12 months. The Nasdaq has outperformed the S&P 500 over both periods…. Read More

  • Greed in the Executive Suite?

    Deciding how to allocate capital is one of management’s most important responsibilities. Such decisions impact not only the company’s short- and long-term performance, but the overall economy as well. Share buybacks, a topic we have discussed several times in the… Read More

  • Shifting the Tax Burden

    Corporations engage in mergers and acquisitions for a multitude of reasons, including synergy, product line expansion and greater geographic reach. Recently, tax-motivated deals related to freeing up trapped cash and/or corporate inversions have become more newsworthy. Corporate Tax Rates The top US… Read More

  • Signs of Improving Capex

    While the economy has certainly strengthened over the past few years, business spending on capital equipment has lagged. After peaking in 3Q11, the year-over-year growth rate fell for five out of six quarters. There was a slight rise in 2013’s… Read More

  • No Changes to Fed’s Interest Rate Guidance

    In her Friday speech from the Fed’s meeting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Janet Yellen remained non-committal on when the Fed would start raising interest rates. Recent data indicates the economy continues to improve (albeit slowly). However, the Fed chairwoman remains… Read More

  • The Internet of Things

    The importance of the Internet of Things (IoT) in our everyday lives is increasing. It seems that every day more and more devices and even appliances are connecting to the Internet. Devices ranging from door locks to toll booths to… Read More

  • Record Levels of Corporate Debt and Cash

    Accumulating cash overseas is one way in which U.S.-based corporations can keep their tax bills lower. Since 2008, the low interest-rate environment has made it easier for companies to buy back stock, pay dividends and make acquisitions without needing to use… Read More

  • Market Declines and Opportunity

    On July 31, stocks suffered one of their worst single day losses of the year. All three major indexes fell, led by the NASDAQ: Dow: 16,563.30, -317.1, (-1.9%) S&P 500: 1,930.67, -39.4, (-2%) NASDAQ: 4,369.77, -93.2, (-2.1%) The weak performance meant that stocks declined… Read More

  • Healthcare Spending Growth Slows

    One of the biggest drivers of projections for future Federal Government budget deficits is healthcare spending. Baby boomers have already started to retire. The group is expected to add considerably to the number of people on the Medicare and Medicaid… Read More

  • News or Noise?

    If you watch financial television, or read the latest financial news, you’ve likely been inundated with stories about the potential market implications of recent geopolitical events. On Thursday, a Malaysian jetliner went down in the Ukraine. This was just the… Read More

  • Thoughts on Share Repurchase Activity Levels

    The ongoing low interest rate environment continues to encourage companies to repurchase their own shares. In fact, in 2014’s first three months (1Q14) companies included in the S&P 500 bought $159 billion of stock. This was the second highest total… Read More

  • Confirmation Bias

    We all would like to believe that we carefully gather and evaluate facts and data (both positive and negative) before making an important decision. This can be much harder to do in practice than we think. We all have a… Read More

  • Investing versus Speculating

    In investing, it can be difficult to distinguish between investing and speculating. Both investors and speculators aim to make a profit by putting money to work in the financial markets. In the seminal work Security Analysis (1934), legendary value investor… Read More

  • Tax Inversions on the Rise

    Corporate transactions with the purpose – at least in part – to lower U.S. corporate taxes have been on the rise. The latest announcement came on June 15, as Medtronic Inc. announced plans to acquire Covidien, PLC. Under the deal’s… Read More

  • The Changing Oil Markets

    Historically, when it comes to generating long-term gains, refining has been one of the energy sector’s least profitable industries for investors. At its most basic level, refining involves boiling crude oil in order to produce petroleum products such as gasoline,… Read More

  • Jobs Return to Peak Level, But…

    While this week’s report shows continued improvement in the job’s data, the types of jobs that people are securing is changing. In May, the U.S. finally recovered all the jobs that were lost since the recession that commenced in late… Read More

  • Impact of Millennials on the Housing Recovery

    The combination of a sluggish economy and its related impact on individuals is hurting the housing market. The ability of individuals, particularly millennials, to buy homes has been limited by such factors as lack of earnings, less-than-perfect credit and over… Read More

  • The Challenges of Reigning in Executive Compensation

    The gap between what CEOs earn and what average employees take home has expanded significantly over the last several decades. Changes that would place some limitations on executive compensation would be welcome by most. However, implementing such changes may be… Read More

  • Market Changes Beneath the Surface

    If one only looks at the overall year-to-date change in the S&P 500 Index (+1.2%), he or she might think there has not been much change to the broader market landscape. However, by digging deeper, one will note changes in… Read More

  • Sell in May and Go Away – NO WAY!

    A well-known trading adage warns investors to “Sell in May and Go Away.” In other words, sell their stock holdings in May and reenter the equity market in November. This strategy allows the investor to avoid the typically volatile May-October… Read More

  • Steady as she Goes

    Last week was a busy week in terms of economic data releases, which collectively suggest that in spite of a difficult first quarter, economic growth is continuing at a moderate pace. The initial estimate for Q1 of 2014 US GDP… Read More

  • Financial Engineering and Share Repurchases

    In investing, financial engineering refers to using mathematical principles to present a higher level of earnings. In the current low-growth environment, share repurchase is one of the most common financial engineering strategies employed by firms. The stock market continues to… Read More

  • When Will Companies Start Investing Their Cash?

    Investment in new facilities and equipment during this economic recovery has been well below the historical average. The French bank Société Générale noted in a recent report that today’s capital stock is older than at any point since 1964. Among… Read More

  • Market Rotation

    After closing lower on Friday, the S&P 500 is now down year-to-date by a little less than 1%. Despite the decline, the index is only about 4% below the all-time highs it reached in March. While the fall has not… Read More

  • Watch out for Financial Shenanigans

    In any market environment, it is important to understand the risks and the potential downside associated with a particular security. When the market moves higher for a sustained period, such risks increase. Under these conditions, it is more important than… Read More

  • The Role of Perception on Short-Term Market Performance

    Last Wednesday was Janet Yellen’s first press conference as the Federal Reserve’s chairwoman. She commented on the “considerable period” language in the Fed’s monetary policy statement, which refers to the length of time between when the Fed will end Quantitative… Read More

  • Trapped Cash Continues to Grow

    According to research by Bloomberg, the largest U.S.-based companies increased the amount of cash held offshore by $206 billion last year. This is cash kept in foreign countries to prevent U.S. taxation. As a result, these multinational companies have now… Read More

  • Outcome vs. Process

    Most investors are focused on outcome rather than process. They judge success on whether or not the value of an investment increases. While we all want to see positive returns from our investments, following a consistent process offers the best… Read More

  • US Labor Market Trends – A Closer Look

    The current economic recovery is often referred to as the jobless recovery. Although the unemployment rate has fallen from 10% to 6.6% over the last four years, the related data also shows that many Americans have stopped looking for work… Read More

  • Weather and Economic Data

    The harsh weather we have been experiencing this winter has in many cases tempered the rosier view of the economy that most had as we entered 2014. It seems the debate among market economists is what impact this winter’s lousy… Read More

  • Recency Bias

    At its core, fundamental-based investing is an intellectual exercise. It involves performing research and analyzing financial and environmental data about companies and the industries in which they participate. But, we are only human, and there are many behavioral biases that… Read More

  • Jobs Growth Falls Short Again

    On Friday, the Labor Department reported that U.S. payrolls rose a seasonally adjusted 113,000 in January, falling well short of expectations. January also marked the second consecutive disappointing jobs report – only 75,000 jobs were added in December. This data… Read More

  • Reflections on January’s Market Weakness

    After delivering robust returns in 2013, stocks are off to a much rockier start in 2014. Friday’s decline capped the biggest monthly selloff in stocks in more than a year. The Dow dropped 149.76 points (0.9%) and closed at its… Read More

  • The Rise of Shareholder Activism

    Over the last two years, shareholder activism has been on the rise. This is not unexpected as the market has delivered strong gains. On average, activists are good for current shareholders as their involvement usually leads to a higher share… Read More

  • Will Profit Margins Continue to Move Higher?

    Will corporate profit margins continue to set new highs, will they remain above long-term averages, will they revert to the long-term norm, or will they fall even lower? For some time, experts covering the markets and the economy have been… Read More

  • Weak Jobs Report May Cloud Fed’s View

    December’s job report, which was released on Friday, fell well short of expectations. Businesses added only 74,000 jobs during the month, well short of expectations of nearly 200,000. The weak result was far short of many other reports about job… Read More

  • Thoughts about 2014

    In 2013, it was a great year to be invested in stocks. The S&P 500 surged more than 30%, closing at 1,848.36, representing the index’s best year since 1997. These robust gains were achieved in a year where earnings rose… Read More

  • Cautious Optimism Going Into 2014

    As 2013 comes to a close, the S&P 500 is trading near its all-time highs amidst a five-year rally.  The economic backdrop heading into the New Year is constructive enough for cautious optimism.  Economic trends continue to suggest modest improvements… Read More

  • At Long Last, Tapering Is Underway

    Wednesday, the Fed announced that it would start tapering its asset purchases. Initially, the stock market fell on the news of the $10 billion tapering; however, it quickly reversed course and the DOW and S&P 500 both closed at all-time… Read More

  • Signs of Change in Washington?

    Last week, there were some signs of at least a temporary reprieve to the political gridlock in Washington, as the House passed a Budget agreement. One can only hope this is a sign of some changes to the political landscape,… Read More

  • Upside Surprise to Job Growth

    On Friday, it was reported that non-farm payrolls increased by 203,000 in November, ahead of expectations that 185,000 jobs would be added. The unemployment rate fell to 7.0%, its lowest level since November 2008. The November result was roughly in-line… Read More

  • Holiday Shopping Season Is Underway

    Black Friday, or the day after Thanksgiving, marks the official start of the holiday shopping season. This year, the holiday season is atypically brief; in fact, it’s six days shorter than last year. In addition, Chanukah started much earlier than… Read More

  • The Many Faces of Risk

    There are many different types of risk involved in the portfolio management process. From an overall perspective, we must always take into account the risk of loss. Seth Klarman, who has one of the investment industry’s most enviable track records,… Read More

  • Optimal Control

    Earlier this week, the Senate held confirmation hearings for Janet Yellen who is set to take over as chairman of the Federal Reserve when Ben Bernanke’s term expires in January. While we do not anticipate major policy shifts under Yellen’s… Read More

  • Good news for the economy is bad news for stocks. What’s up?

    Last Thursday U.S. stocks had their worst day in two months, when the Commerce Department released data showing U.S. GDP grew 2.8% in the third quarter, which was much stronger than expected.  The next day the BLS released its closely… Read More

  • The Changing Face of Technology

    Trends in technology spending have been undergoing many changes. According to data from Gartner, Inc., worldwide shipments of devices (PCs, tablets and mobile phones) are forecast to reach 2.32 billion units this year, up 4.5% from 2012. But the growth… Read More

  • More Disclosure May Be Driving Executive Pay Higher

    The gap between what CEOs and the average employee earns is widening. In 1965, the average large-company CEO earned about 20 times as much as their typical employee. Between 1978 and 2011 this gap expanded at a breathtaking pace. According… Read More

  • Muddy Waters

    Last week’s temporary resolution that saw the debt ceiling raised and government employees return to work has not done much to clear up the uncertainty around the economy and the stock market. Many data reports were delayed during the shutdown…. Read More

  • Thoughts on the Government Shutdown

    Although it’s already been nearly a week since the Federal government shutdown, Congress seems no closer to reaching an agreement. In our view, it seems most likely that a comprehensive agreement will be reached in advance of the October 17… Read More

  • Increased Oil Production Does Not Necessarily Lead To Lower Oil Prices

    Headlines about growing US crude oil production have been in the news a lot lately. In its annual statistical review, BP reported that US oil output surged 14% in 2012. The million barrel-per-day jump in output was the largest increase… Read More

  • Dividends vs. Stock Repurchase

    Once companies have allocated capital to maintain and grow their business, they should consider paying shareholders. They can do so via either dividends or share buybacks. When implementing our investment process, we tend to favor steadily increasing dividends over share… Read More

  • The Changing Dow

    After the closing bell on September 20, Alcoa, Hewlett-Packard and Bank of America will be dropped from the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In what will be the biggest shake-up to the 30-stock index in nearly a decade, the three stocks… Read More

  • Mixed Signals

    Whether or not the Fed will start tapering the pace of its asset purchases seems to be the big question hanging over the market. This week stocks moved modestly higher as the negative implications of a disappointing employment report were… Read More

  • The Growing Wage Gap

    In June, median annual household income rose to $52,100 from its recent inflation-adjusted trough of $50,700 in August 2011. Despite this improvement, it is still $2,400 lower – a 4.4% drop – than in June 2009, when the last recession… Read More

  • The Importance of Management

    On Friday morning, Microsoft announced that long-time CEO Steve Ballmer would retire within the next 12 months. The shares surged following the announcement—rising more than $20 billion in total market value at the market’s open. The positive reaction indicates investors… Read More

  • Fed Watch: Jobs Report Sends Mixed Signals

    Friday’s jobs report indicated the unemployment rate dropped from7.6% to 7.4%, beating expectations of a 7.5% rate. Surprisingly, the labor participation rate – or the proportion of the population either actively employed or looking for a job – fell during… Read More

  • Recognizing the Value of Intangible Assets

    When second-quarter GDP figures are released on July 31, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis will be rewriting economic history. For the first time, research and development costs will be categorized on the government’s books as an investment. Since the… Read More

  • Oil Prices and Economic Growth

    Recently, US oil prices have surged breaking out of a trading range they had been in for more than a year. At the same time, oil prices in other regions of the world have been more stable. Higher US oil… Read More

  • Whither China?

    For some time, China has been viewed as a key driver of worldwide economic growth. Many US multinationals have invested considerable sums in China, looking to benefit from the region’s anticipated growth. At the same time, others have questioned the… Read More

  • Tapering Still Seems to be in Our Future

    The June employment report showed the economy added 195,000 jobs, ahead of the consensus forecast of 160,000. There were further signs of job market strength as the report showed the economy added 70,000 more jobs in April and May than… Read More

  • Slower Can Be Better Than Faster

    Slower Can Be Better Than Faster On Tuesday, June 25, the Commerce Department lowered its estimate of first quarter GDP growth to 1.8% annualized. This was down from the 2.4% rise it previously reported. After this news, the market reversed… Read More

  • At the conclusion of this past week’s Federal Open Market Committee Meeting

    At the conclusion of this past week’s Federal Open Market Committee Meeting (the branch of the Federal Reserve Board that determines the direction of monetary policy) Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke confirmed that the Fed may begin to taper off… Read More

  • Strong Rise in Home Prices

    The twenty-city S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index (which is the leading index for the U.S. residential housing market – tracking changes in the value of residential real estate) saw a 10.9% rise in home prices in the twelve months ending in… Read More

  • How much longer will the Fed continue to buy bonds…

    Last week Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, made an important comment about how much longer he will continue the aggressive bond buying program known as Quantitative Easing. While testifying before the Congressional Joint Economic Committee he said the… Read More

  • Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index Increases

    The preliminary Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index (which gives a snapshot of consumer expectations regarding the overall economy) increased to 83.7 this month. This is up from 76.4 in April, and is the highest figure since July 2007. This gain in… Read More

  • The S&P 500 Achieved a Record High

    The S&P 500 achieved a record high last week of 1633, driven by better-than-forecast first quarter earnings. The “beat rate” – the percentage of companies that are posting numbers better than consensus – was 69% this quarter, higher than the… Read More

  • US GDP Advanced 2.5% in 1st Quarter

    Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States-advanced at an annual rate of 2.5% from January through March. The numbers paint a story similar to previous quarters: consumer spending and… Read More